Carbon Disulfide Production Cost Analysis Report 2025: Industry Trends, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue
Report Overview:
IMARC Group’s report, titled “Carbon Disulfide Production Cost Analysis Report 2025: Industry Trends, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue” provides a complete roadmap for setting up a carbon disulfide production plant. It covers a comprehensive market overview to micro-level information such as unit operations involved, raw material requirements, utility requirements, infrastructure requirements, machinery and technology requirements, manpower requirements, packaging requirements, transportation requirements, etc. The carbon disulfide project report provides detailed insights into project economics, including capital investments, project funding, operating expenses, income and expenditure projections, fixed costs vs. variable costs, direct and indirect costs, expected ROI and net present value (NPV), profit and loss account, financial analysis, etc.
What is Carbon Disulfide?
Carbon disulfide (CS₂) is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid with a distinct ether-like odor. It is primarily used as a solvent and as an intermediate in the production of rayon, cellophane, carbon tetrachloride, and rubber chemicals. Due to its high solvency, it is effective in dissolving sulfur, phosphorus, and fats. Carbon disulfide is also used in agriculture for manufacturing pesticides and fumigants. However, it is toxic and requires careful handling to avoid health and environmental risks.
Carbon Disulfide Production Plant: Key Highlights
- Process Used: Direct sulfurization process
- End-use Industries: Rayon, cellophane, rubber chemicals, agriculture (pesticides and fumigants), pharmaceuticals, and mining
- Applications: Used in solvent, fumigant, pesticide intermediate, flotation agent in mining, and chemical intermediate in rayon and rubber production
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A carbon disulfide production plant is a facility designed to produce carbon disulfide (CS₂), typically through the direct sulfurization of hydrocarbons like methane or natural gas in the presence of sulfur. These plants are equipped with specialized reaction furnaces, cooling systems, scrubbers, and purification units to handle the highly flammable and toxic nature of carbon disulfide. Due to its hazardous properties, robust safety measures, emission controls, and environmental monitoring systems are essential throughout the plant. Carbon disulfide is used as a key intermediate in producing viscose rayon, cellophane films, rubber chemicals, and agrochemicals. As a result, such plants play a crucial role in supporting textile, packaging, rubber, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries globally.
Carbon Disulfide Industry Outlook 2025:
The carbon disulfide market is growing steadily on the back of its key role in several industries. Its position in the textile industry is crucial for producing viscose rayon and cellophane. Continued demand remains for both of these materials due to their low cost and versatility. Demand from the agriculture industry also supports market growth as it is used in products like soil fumigants and pesticides. Demand from the rubber and chemical industry is also supported as it is used as a solvent and intermediate in producing rubber accelerators and flotation agents. Demand is growing in emerging economies, growing industrialization and growing use in specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals supports the market. Also, more coal produced (India's output of 104.43 million tonnes in January 2025 represented a 4.4% year-on-year increase according to IBEF) can signify greater industrial activity and thus more applications that indirectly support carbon disulfide in mining and chemical industries.
Carbon Disulfide Market Trends and Growth Drivers:
Growth in the textile and apparel industry
The growing worldwide textile and apparel industry is a major factor driving the expansion of the carbon disulfide market. According to IBEF, the Indian textile and apparel market is expected to reach US$ 350 billion by 2030 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10%. Increased production levels in textiles and apparel will drive demand for viscose rayon production, representing one of the largest end-uses of carbon disulfide. As textile manufacturers increase production to meet the growing domestic and export demand for textiles, the carbon disulfide required by viscose fiber manufacturers to produce viscose fibers will expand linearly, establishing the stable interdependence on the chemical supply chain.
Pharmaceutical industry expansion
The increasing demand for carbon disulfide is being driven by the growth of the global pharmaceutical sector, specifically in emerging nations, especially India. The Indian medicines market is expected to reach a size of US$ 130 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of above 10%, according to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF). Carbon disulfide is used in the manufacture of antibiotics (like penicillin), pharmaceutical intermediates, and specialty chemicals, and therefore is an essential input of drug production. We expect demand for carbon disulfide to increase with the growth in global health care needs, pharmaceutical production, and growth in the number of developing economies and expansion of further economies.
Latest Industry Developments:
- December 2024: A research team led by Dr. Carl Schulman, Professor of Surgery at the University of Miami’s Miller School of Medicine, identified carbon disulfide (CS₂) as a potential early biomarker for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Their findings suggest that elevated levels of CS₂ could enable faster diagnosis and prompt antibiotic intervention, potentially improving patient outcomes.
- September 2023: The Department of Industrial Safety & Health (DISH), Kalyan, issued an order under the Factories Act, 1948, temporarily closing the Carbon Disulfide (CS₂) refining section of a production plant. Operations will resume only after full compliance with the safety conditions outlined in the order.
Leading Carbon Disulfide Manufacturers:
Leading manufacturers in the global carbon disulfide market include key multinational chemical companies known for their robust production capabilities and wide-ranging industrial applications. Key players include
- Akzo Nobel N.V.
- Merck KGaA
- GFS Chemicals Inc.
- PPG Industries, Inc.
- Alfa Aesar
- Univar Solutions Inc.
all of which operate large-scale facilities and serve end-use sectors such as rayon, cellophane, rubber chemicals, agriculture (pesticides and fumigants), pharmaceuticals, and mining.
Carbon Disulfide Plant Setup Requirements
Detailed Process Flow:
The manufacturing process is a multi-step operation that involves several unit operations, material handling, and quality checks. Below are the main stages involved in the carbon disulfide manufacturing process flow:
- Unit Operations Involved
- Mass Balance and Raw Material Requirements
- Quality Assurance Criteria
- Technical Tests
Key Considerations for Establishing a Carbon Disulfide Production Plant:
Setting up a carbon disulfide production plant requires evaluating several key factors, including technological requirements and quality assurance. Some of the critical considerations include:
- Site Selection: The location must offer easy access to key raw materials such as sulfur, carbon (or natural gas/charcoal). Proximity to target markets will help minimize distribution costs. The site must have robust infrastructure, including reliable transportation, utilities, and waste management systems. Compliance with local zoning laws and environmental regulations must also be ensured.
- Plant Layout Optimization: The layout should be optimized to enhance workflow efficiency, safety, and minimize material handling. Separate areas for raw material storage, production, quality control, and finished goods storage must be designated. Space for future expansion should be incorporated to accommodate business growth.
- Equipment Selection: High-quality, corrosion-resistant machinery tailored for carbon disulfide production must be selected. Essential equipment includes reactors, condensers, scrubbers, distillation columns, heat exchangers, storage tanks, safety control systems. All machinery must comply with industry standards for safety, efficiency, and reliability.
- Raw Material Sourcing: Reliable suppliers must be secured for raw materials like sulfur, carbon (or natural gas/charcoal) to ensure consistent production quality. Minimizing transportation costs by selecting nearby suppliers is essential. Sustainability and supply chain risks must be assessed, and long-term contracts should be negotiated to stabilize pricing and ensure a steady supply.
- Safety and Environmental Compliance: Safety protocols must be implemented throughout the manufacturing process of carbon disulfide. Advanced monitoring systems should be installed to detect leaks or deviations in the process. Effluent treatment systems are necessary to minimize environmental impact and ensure compliance with emission standards.
- Quality Assurance Systems: A comprehensive quality control system should be established throughout production. Analytical instruments must be used to monitor product concentration, purity, and stability. Documentation for traceability and regulatory compliance must be maintained.
Project Economics:
Establishing and operating a carbon disulfide production plant involves various cost components, including:
- Capital Investment: The total capital investment depends on plant capacity, technology, and location. This investment covers land acquisition, site preparation, and necessary infrastructure.
- Equipment Costs: Equipment costs, such as those for reactors, condensers, scrubbers, distillation columns, heat exchangers, storage tanks, safety control systems, represent a significant portion of capital expenditure. The scale of production and automation level will determine the total cost of machinery.
- Raw Material Expenses: Raw materials, including sulfur, carbon (or natural gas/charcoal), are a major part of operating costs. Long-term contracts with reliable suppliers will help mitigate price volatility and ensure a consistent supply of materials.
- Infrastructure and Utilities: Costs associated with land acquisition, construction, and utilities (electricity, water, steam) must be considered in the financial plan.
- Operational Costs: Ongoing expenses for labor, maintenance, quality control, and environmental compliance must be accounted for. Optimizing processes and providing staff training can help control these operational costs.
- Financial Planning: A detailed financial analysis, including income projections, expenditures, and break-even points, must be conducted. This analysis aids in securing funding and formulating a clear financial strategy.
Capital Expenditure (CapEx) and Operational Expenditure (OpEx) Analysis:
Capital Investment (CapEx): Machinery costs account for the largest portion of the total capital expenditure. The cost of land and site development, including charges for land registration, boundary development, and other related expenses, forms a substantial part of the overall investment. This allocation ensures a solid foundation for safe and efficient plant operations.
Operating Expenditure (OpEx): In the first year of operations, the operating cost for the carbon disulfide production plant is projected to be significant, covering raw materials, utilities, depreciation, taxes, packing, transportation, and repairs and maintenance. By the fifth year, the total operational cost is expected to increase substantially due to factors such as inflation, market fluctuations, and potential rises in the cost of key materials. Additional factors, including supply chain disruptions, rising consumer demand, and shifts in the global economy, are expected to contribute to this increase.
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Capital Expenditure Breakdown:
| Particulars | Cost (in US$) |
|---|---|
| Land and Site Development Costs | XX |
| Civil Works Costs | XX |
| Machinery Costs | XX |
| Other Capital Costs | XX |
Operational Expenditure Breakdown:
| Particulars | In % |
|---|---|
| Raw Material Cost | XX |
| Utility Cost | XX |
| Transportation Cost | XX |
| Packaging Cost | XX |
| Salaries and Wages | XX |
| Depreciation | XX |
| Other Expenses | XX |
Profitability Analysis:
| Particulars | Unit | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Income | US$ | XX | XX | XX | XX | XX |
| Total Expenditure | US$ | XX | XX | XX | XX | XX |
| Gross Profit | US$ | XX | XX | XX | XX | XX |
| Gross Margin | % | XX | XX | XX | XX | XX |
| Net Profit | US$ | XX | XX | XX | XX | XX |
| Net Margin | % | XX | XX | XX | XX | XX |
Report Coverage:
| Report Features | Details |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Carbon Disulfide |
| Report Coverage | Detailed Process Flow: Unit Operations Involved, Quality Assurance Criteria, Technical Tests, Mass Balance, and Raw Material Requirements Land, Location and Site Development: Selection Criteria and Significance, Location Analysis, Project Planning and Phasing of Development, Environmental Impact, Land Requirement and Costs Plant Layout: Importance and Essentials, Layout, Factors Influencing Layout Plant Machinery: Machinery Requirements, Machinery Costs, Machinery Suppliers (Provided on Request) Raw Materials: Raw Material Requirements, Raw Material Details and Procurement, Raw Material Costs, Raw Material Suppliers (Provided on Request) Packaging: Packaging Requirements, Packaging Material Details and Procurement, Packaging Costs, Packaging Material Suppliers (Provided on Request) Other Requirements and Costs: Transportation Requirements and Costs, Utility Requirements and Costs, Energy Requirements and Costs, Water Requirements and Costs, Human Resource Requirements and Costs Project Economics: Capital Costs, Techno-Economic Parameters, Income Projections, Expenditure Projections, Product Pricing and Margins, Taxation, Depreciation Financial Analysis: Liquidity Analysis, Profitability Analysis, Payback Period, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profit and Loss Account, Uncertainty Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Economic Analysis Other Analysis Covered in The Report: Market Trends and Analysis, Market Segmentation, Market Breakup by Region, Price Trends, Competitive Landscape, Regulatory Landscape, Strategic Recommendations, Case Study of a Successful Venture |
| Currency | US$ (Data can also be provided in the local currency) |
| Customization Scope | The report can also be customized based on the requirement of the customer |
| Post-Sale Analyst Support | 10-12 Weeks |
| Delivery Format | PDF and Excel through email (We can also provide the editable version of the report in PPT/Word format on special request) |
Report Customization
While we have aimed to create an all-encompassing carbon disulfide production plant project report, we acknowledge that individual stakeholders may have unique demands. Thus, we offer customized report options that cater to your specific requirements. Our consultants are available to discuss your business requirements, and we can tailor the report's scope accordingly. Some of the common customizations that we are frequently requested to make by our clients include:
- The report can be customized based on the location (country/region) of your plant.
- The plant’s capacity can be customized based on your requirements.
- Plant machinery and costs can be customized based on your requirements.
- Any additions to the current scope can also be provided based on your requirements.
Why Buy IMARC Reports?
- The insights provided in our reports enable stakeholders to make informed business decisions by assessing the feasibility of a business venture.
- Our extensive network of consultants, raw material suppliers, machinery suppliers and subject matter experts spans over 100+ countries across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Africa, and the Middle East.
- Our cost modeling team can assist you in understanding the most complex materials. With domain experts across numerous categories, we can assist you in determining how sensitive each component of the cost model is and how it can affect the final cost and prices.
- We keep a constant track of land costs, construction costs, utility costs, and labor costs across 100+ countries and update them regularly.
- Our client base consists of over 3000 organizations, including prominent corporations, governments, and institutions, who rely on us as their trusted business partners. Our clientele varies from small and start-up businesses to Fortune 500 companies.
- Our strong in-house team of engineers, statisticians, modeling experts, chartered accountants, architects, etc. has played a crucial role in constructing, expanding, and optimizing sustainable production plants worldwide.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Capital requirements generally include land acquisition, construction, equipment procurement, installation, pre-operative expenses, and initial working capital. The total amount varies with capacity, technology, and location.
To start a carbon disulfide production business, one needs to conduct a market feasibility study, secure required licenses, arrange funding, select suitable land, procure equipment, recruit skilled labor, and establish a supply chain and distribution network.
The primary raw materials for carbon disulfide production include elemental sulfur and a carbon source such as charcoal, coke, or natural gas. Other inputs include process catalysts and utilities like steam, water, and electricity.
Key equipment includes sulfur burning or roasting units, carbon reactors, distillation columns, condensation units, purification systems, safety and venting systems, and storage tanks. Additional utilities include heat exchangers, scrubbers, and waste treatment facilities.
The main steps generally include:
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Vaporization of sulfur
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Preparation of carbon feed
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Mixing of reactants
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Reaction in a high-temperature reactor
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Continuous removal of reaction products
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Separation and purification of carbon disulfide
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Recovery and storage
The timeline to start a carbon disulfide production plant usually ranges from 12 to 24 months, depending on factors like regulatory approvals, safety compliance, and sourcing of specialized equipment and materials. Handling reactive intermediates requires careful design and rigorous testing.
Challenges may include high capital requirements, securing regulatory approvals, ensuring raw material supply, competition, skilled manpower availability, and managing operational risks.
Typical requirements include business registration, environmental clearances, factory licenses, fire safety certifications, and industry-specific permits. Local/state/national regulations may apply depending on the location.
The top carbon disulfide producers are:
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Arkema S.A.
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GFS Chemicals Inc.
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Liaonian Ruixing Chemical Group Co. Ltd.
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Merck KGaA
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Shanghai Baijin Chemical Group Co. Ltd.
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Shikoku Kasei Holdings Corporation
Profitability depends on several factors, including market demand, production efficiency, pricing strategy, raw material cost management, and operational scale. Profit margins usually improve with capacity expansion and increased capacity utilization rates.
Cost components typically include:
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Land and Infrastructure
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Machinery and Equipment
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Building and Civil Construction
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Utilities and Installation
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Working Capital
Break even in a carbon disulfide production business typically ranges from 4 to 8 years, depending on plant capacity, market demand, and high costs associated with safety, storage, and quality assurance for this highly reactive compound.
Governments may offer incentives such as capital subsidies, tax exemptions, reduced utility tariffs, export benefits, or interest subsidies to promote manufacturing under various national or regional industrial policies.
Financing can be arranged through term loans, government-backed schemes, private equity, venture capital, equipment leasing, or strategic partnerships. Financial viability assessments help identify optimal funding routes.