Therapeutic Vaccines Market

Market Overview:

The global therapeutic vaccines market size reached USD 34.3 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 75.1 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 9.03% during 2025-2033. North America dominates the market, driven by rising prevalence of diseases with limited treatment options and technological advancements. Increasing preferences for minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) and the growing partnerships between pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, and academia are some of the major factors propelling the market share.

Therapeutic vaccines, also known as treatment vaccines or immunotherapeutic vaccines, are a type of medical intervention designed to stimulate the immune system of patients to target and combat specific diseases. They have fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments like chemotherapy. They stimulate the immune system without causing extensive damage to healthy cells. They help reduce the likelihood of disease recurrence after initial treatment. They can be combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or targeted therapies, to create a synergistic effect. They aid in managing chronic infections like human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and hepatitis B by enhancing the immune response to control the viral load and minimize disease progression.

The rising prevalence of diseases with limited treatment options, such as certain types of cancers and rare disorders, is catalyzing the demand for innovative therapeutic approaches like vaccines. Additionally, the increasing aging population aging population, which is highly susceptible to various chronic ailments is driving the need for novel treatment modalities like therapeutic vaccines. Apart from this, governments of various countries are offering supportive policies, grants, and funding for research and development (R&D) in the field of immunotherapy and vaccines. Furthermore, the rising preferences of individuals for non-invasive or minimally invasive treatment options are driving the demand for therapeutic vaccines. Moreover, partnerships between pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, and academia are accelerating the development and commercialization of therapeutic vaccines.

Therapeutic Vaccines Market Trends:

Rising burden of cancer

The growing global burden of cancer is a key factor fueling the expansion of the market, as conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation often come with high toxicity and limited long-term effectiveness. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research, a forecasted 12.8% increase in cancer cases is expected by 2025 relative to 2020. With cancer cases rising due to lifestyle changes, aging population, and environmental factors, there is a growing demand for innovative solutions that provide durable responses with fewer side effects. Therapeutic vaccines, crafted to activate the body’s immune system to identify and target tumor cells, are emerging as a promising option. Their ability to complement existing therapies and potentially prevent relapse makes them highly attractive. As cancer incidence continues to rise worldwide, healthcare providers and research organizations are prioritizing vaccine-based therapies, thereby accelerating investments and adoption across the market.

Growing focus on immunotherapy

Rising focus on immunotherapy as a frontline approach to treating chronic and life-threatening diseases is driving momentum in the market. Unlike conventional treatments that directly target diseased cells, immunotherapy leverages the patient's immune system to identify and target harmful agents, offering longer-lasting effects and lesser toxicity. In September 2025, a cutting-edge cancer immunotherapy from BioNTech and partner Bristol Myers Squibb (BMY.N) showed promising tumor reduction in a mid-stage trial for small cell lung cancer that was beginning to metastasize. A Phase II trial indicated that 76.3% of the 38 participants receiving the drug BNT327, or pumitamig, who met criteria for an interim analysis experienced a decrease in their tumors. Therapeutic vaccines act as immune stimulants to target cancer cells, viruses, or other disease-causing agents. As immunotherapy is gaining credibility through successful outcomes in oncology and infectious disease management, the demand for vaccine-based immunotherapies is rising.

Increasing personalized medicine demand

Rising demand for personalized medicine is positively influencing the market, as patients and clinicians are seeking targeted treatments tailored to individual genetic and molecular profiles. As per the IMARC Group, the global precision medicine market size reached USD 82.1 Billion in 2024. Unlike traditional one-size-fits-all approaches, therapeutic vaccines can be developed to match specific tumor antigens or immune system variations, enhancing treatment outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. Advancements in genomics and biomarker discovery are enabling researchers to design vaccines that align with patients’ unique biological characteristics, paving the way for more precise and effective therapies. This shift towards personalization is not only improving patient satisfaction and survival rates but also attracting higher investments in vaccine research and development (R&D) activities.

Key Growth Drivers of Therapeutic Vaccines Market:

Advancements in technology

Advancements in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine technology are offering a favorable market outlook by enabling faster development, higher efficacy, and broader application potential. These platforms allow precise encoding of antigens that stimulate strong and targeted immune responses against specific diseases, including cancer and chronic infections. Unlike traditional vaccines, DNA and mRNA technologies can be quickly designed, manufactured, and scaled, reducing both cost and development timelines. Their flexibility also supports customization for personalized therapies, aligning well with the shift towards precision medicine. As innovation continues, DNA and mRNA vaccines are expected to unlock new treatment possibilities, driving robust growth and adoption in the market.

Expanding collaborations between biotech firms and academia

Rising partnerships between biotech firms and academic institutions are positively influencing the market, bridging cutting-edge scientific research with commercial development expertise. Academic institutions often drive early-stage discoveries, such as identifying novel antigens or immune mechanisms, while biotech companies bring the resources and infrastructure needed for clinical trials, regulatory approval, and commercialization. These collaborations aid in accelerating innovations, reducing time-to-market, and enhancing the chances of success in a highly complex and high-risk field like vaccine development. Furthermore, alliances promote knowledge sharing, access to advanced technologies, and training of skilled professionals. By pooling intellectual and financial resources, biotech–academia partnerships are creating a strong pipeline of therapeutic vaccine candidates, significantly advancing the market growth trajectory.

Rising government funding for vaccine development

Increasing government funding for vaccine development is a major driver of the market growth, as public sector support provides the financial backbone needed to advance innovative research and clinical trials. Government agencies across developed and emerging economies are allocating significant resources to strengthen healthcare infrastructure, promote biotechnology innovation, and accelerate the availability of advanced therapies for chronic and infectious diseases. Such funding reduces the risk for private companies, encouraging collaboration and faster translation of discoveries into market-ready products. Moreover, government-backed initiatives help create regulatory incentives, improve access to cutting-edge platforms, and foster international partnerships. This proactive financial and policy support ensures sustained innovations and widespread adoption, ultimately positioning therapeutic vaccines as a vital component of modern healthcare strategies.

Therapeutic Vaccines Industry Segmentation:

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the global therapeutic vaccines market report, along with forecasts at the global, regional and country levels from 2025-2033. Our report has categorized the market based on type, disease type, technology and distribution channel.

Breakup by Type:

• Antigen Vaccines
• Dendritic Cell Vaccine
• DNA Vaccine
• Tumor Cell Vaccines

Tumor cell vaccines hold the largest market share

The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the type. This includes antigen vaccines, dendritic cell vaccine, DNA vaccine, and tumor cell vaccines. According to the report, tumor cell vaccines represented the largest market segment as they are specifically designed to target cancer cells, offering a highly focused approach to treatment. This specificity minimizes damage to healthy cells, reducing adverse effects commonly associated with traditional therapies. Additionally, they stimulate the immune system to remember cancer cells, enabling the body to respond more effectively if the cancer recurs. This immune memory contributes to longer-lasting treatment outcomes. Apart from this, they can be used in combination with other treatments like checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy, creating a synergistic effect that enhances the overall treatment response. Furthermore, these vaccines help reduce the likelihood of tumor resistance that can occur with single-target therapies.

Breakup by Disease Type:

• Autoimmune Disease Vaccines
• Addiction Vaccine
• Neurological Disease Vaccine
• Infectious Disease Vaccine
• Others

Autoimmune disease vaccines represent the largest market segment

A detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the disease type has also been provided in the report. This includes autoimmune disease vaccines, addiction vaccines, neurological disease vaccine, infectious disease vaccine, and others. According to the report, autoimmune disease vaccines dominates the market due to the rising prevalence of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus across the globe. Additionally, these vaccines offer a potential alternative by stimulating immune tolerance, reducing the need for immunosuppression. Apart from this, they can be customized based on individual patient profiles, considering genetic and immunological factors. This aligns with the growing trend towards personalized medicine, enhancing treatment effectiveness. Apart from this, positive outcomes from clinical trials of autoimmune disease vaccines, coupled with advancements in immunology research, validate their potential to address unmet medical needs.

Breakup by Technology:

• Autologous Vaccines
• Allogeneic Vaccine

Autologous vaccines account for the majority of the market share

The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on technology. This includes autologous vaccines and allogeneic vaccine. According to the report, autologous vaccines hold the largest market share as they are custom-made for each patient using their own cells, ensuring a personalized treatment strategy that aligns with the patient's unique disease profile and immune system. Apart from this, since autologous vaccines use the original cells of patients, there is a lower risk of immune rejection or adverse reactions compared to treatments that involve foreign agents. Furthermore, they help reduce toxicity concerns associated with traditional treatments like chemotherapy by targeting disease cells while sparing healthy cells. Moreover, autologous vaccines are well-suited to address the genetic and molecular heterogeneity often found in diseases like cancer.

Breakup by Distribution Channel:

• Hospital Pharmacies
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies

A detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the distribution channel has also been provided in the report. This includes hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and online pharmacies.

Hospital pharmacies operate within healthcare facilities, which ensures direct access to patients undergoing treatments. They facilitate immediate availability, expert guidance, and seamless integration with medical care and aid in dispensing and administering therapeutic vaccines, especially for critical conditions requiring close medical supervision.

Retail pharmacies are widespread and easily accessible to the general population. They offer convenience and a wide range of healthcare products, including therapeutic vaccines. Additionally, they cater to diverse patient needs, making therapeutic vaccines more accessible to the masses.

Online pharmacies offer a convenient platform to purchase therapeutic vaccines remotely. They provide a wide selection, price comparisons, and home delivery, which are particularly advantageous for patients with mobility limitations or those seeking privacy.

Breakup by Region:

• North America
  • United States
  • Canada
• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • South Korea
  • Australia
  • Indonesia
  • Others
• Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Russia
  • Others
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Others
• Middle East and Africa

North America exhibits a clear dominance, accounting for the largest therapeutic vaccines market share

The market research report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of all the major regional markets, which include North America (the United States and Canada); Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, and others); Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, and others); Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, and others); and the Middle East and Africa. According to the report, North America accounted for the largest market share since the region has a well-developed healthcare infrastructure, comprising modern hospitals, research institutions, and pharmaceutical companies, which accelerates research, development, and commercialization of therapeutic vaccines. Additionally, North America is a global hub for medical research and innovation, housing renowned universities, research centers, and biotechnology firms. Apart from this, regulatory agencies in North America, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada, maintain rigorous standards for drug and vaccine approvals. Moreover, North America has a well-established clinical trial ecosystem, which facilitates the efficient testing and validation of therapeutic vaccines. The availability of diverse patient populations and expert medical professionals expedites the trial process.

Competitive Landscape:

Companies are investing in research to identify novel antigens and develop innovative vaccine platforms, which include exploring cutting-edge technologies like mRNA-based vaccines, viral vectors, and personalized vaccine approaches. Additionally, many vaccine developers are conducting rigorous clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of their products. Furthermore, they are working closely with regulatory agencies to obtain approvals for their therapeutic vaccines. This involves compiling comprehensive data from clinical trials to demonstrate safety, efficacy, and manufacturing quality. Moreover, many leading companies are investing in infrastructure and technologies to ensure consistent and efficient vaccine production.

The report has provided a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape in the market. Detailed profiles of all major companies have also been provided. Some of the key players in the market include:

• Agenus Inc.
• Bavarian Nordic
• CEL-SCI Corporation
• Dendreon Pharmaceuticals LLC
• Emergent BioSolutions
• GeoVax
• GSK plc
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• Novavax
• Nykode Therapeutics ASA
• Pfizer Inc.
• Phio Pharmaceuticals
• Sanofi S.A

Therapeutic Vaccines Market News:

• June 2025: The mRNA cancer vaccine, created by the Gamaleya Center, was scheduled to be released in Russia. The first patients will start treatment with a local medication in September-October 2025. Russia can achieve a completely new standard in cancer treatment, as developers are prepared to modify the vaccine to address emerging challenges.
• April 2025: The NHS unveiled its initiatives to offer innovative cancer therapies, with a new vaccine trial launching for individuals with advanced skin cancer. This effort was a component of the NHS Cancer Vaccine Launch Pad (CVLP), a scheme aimed at expediting entry to mRNA vaccine clinical trials for different types of cancer. The initiative highlighted the NHS's dedication to advancing groundbreaking cancer therapies and enhancing patient results.
• February 2025: Indian Union Minister Prataprao Jadhav declared that a vaccine to guard against cancers affecting women was set to be available in five to six months, stating that individuals aged nine to sixteen would qualify for the vaccination. Cancer vaccines represented a form of immunotherapy designed to prevent or treat cancer by enhancing the body's innate immune reaction against cancerous cells.
• October 2024: Calviri, a biotech firm developing therapeutic and preventive cancer vaccines for canines and humans, revealed it inoculated the first dog with early-stage hemangiosarcoma (HSA) using its experimental immunotherapy vaccine. The Scout Out Canine Hemangiosarcoma (SOCH0 trial focused on early-stage tumors, with the goal of enhancing survival rates by addressing smaller, less developed tumors.

Therapeutic Vaccines Market Report Scope:

Key Benefits for Stakeholders:

• IMARC’s industry report offers a comprehensive quantitative analysis of various market segments, historical and current market trends, market forecasts, and dynamics of the therapeutic vaccines market from 2019-2033.
• The research report provides the latest information on the market drivers, challenges, and opportunities in the global therapeutic vaccines market.
• The study maps the leading, as well as the fastest-growing, regional markets. It further enables stakeholders to identify the key country-level markets within each region.
• Porter's five forces analysis assist stakeholders in assessing the impact of new entrants, competitive rivalry, supplier power, buyer power, and the threat of substitution. It helps stakeholders to analyze the level of competition within the therapeutic vaccines industry and its attractiveness.
• Competitive landscape allows stakeholders to understand their competitive environment and provides an insight into the current positions of key players in the market.